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Dsm 5 bipolar2/12/2022 Antipsychotics are additionally given during acute manic episodes as well as in cases where mood stabilizers are poorly tolerated or ineffective. Mood stabilizers- lithium and certain anticonvulsants such as valproate and carbamazepine as well as atypical antipsychotics such as aripiprazole-are the mainstay of long-term pharmacologic relapse prevention. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can rule out other problems. Other conditions that have overlapping symptoms with bipolar disorder include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions. If these symptoms are due to drugs or medical problems, they are not diagnosed as bipolar disorder. The condition is classified as bipolar I disorder if there has been at least one manic episode, with or without depressive episodes, and as bipolar II disorder if there has been at least one hypomanic episode (but no full manic episodes) and one major depressive episode. Environmental risk factors include a history of childhood abuse and long-term stress. Genetic factors account for about 70–90% of the risk of developing bipolar disorder. Many genes, each with small effects, may contribute to the development of the disorder. While the causes of bipolar disorder are not clearly understood, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Other mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, are commonly associated with bipolar disorder. The risk of suicide is high over a period of 20 years, 6% of those with bipolar disorder died by suicide, while 30–40% engaged in self-harm. During periods of depression, the individual may experience crying and have a negative outlook on life and poor eye contact with others. There is usually also a reduced need for sleep during manic phases. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy or irritable, and they often make impulsive decisions with little regard for the consequences. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania if it is less severe, it is called hypomania. Lithium, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants īipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. Periods of depression and elevated mood īipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, others įamily history, childhood abuse, long-term stress Īttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorder Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), bipolar illness, manic depression, manic depressive disorder, manic–depressive illness (historical), manic–depressive psychosis, circular insanity (historical), bipolar disease īipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania.
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